多效应残差法(MERA)表征二甲亚砜-农药二元混合物毒性相互作用

采用直接均分射线设计(EquRay)构建二甲亚砜(DMSO)分别与3种常用农药乐果(DIM)、敌敌畏(DIC)和甲霜灵(MET)的二元混合物,应用微板毒性分析(MTA)测试单个物质及混合物对青海弧菌Q67(Vibrio qinghaiensis sp.-Q67)的发光抑制毒性.以浓度加和(concentration addition,CA)模型检测混合物的毒性相互作用,提出并应用多效应残差法(multi-effectresidual analysis,MERA)定量表征DMSO-农药二元混合物实验观测毒性相对于CA模型预测结果的偏离程度,即毒性相互作用强度.表征结果显示3组DMSO-农药二元混合物的毒性相互作用以拮抗作用为主,最强拮抗作用在-23%～-15%之间,发生拮抗作用的浓度范围及拮抗作用强度受混合物组成、组分浓度比和效应水平等因素的影响.综合分析比较MERA与传统等效线图及扩展毒性单位和对3组二元混合物的表征结果发现,MERA从生物效应角度表征毒性相互作用强度,受到混合物组成和效应水平的限制较少,适用于分析具有复杂相互作用的二元混合物.     

氙灯/TiO2体系下敌草隆光催化降解动力学的研究

利用光催化技术通过单因素和中心复合实验对敌草隆的降解动力学进行了研究.在单因素实验中,通过Langmuir-Hinshelwood动力学模型对敌草隆的光催化降解进行了模拟,并系统地考察了催化剂用量、溶液初始pH值和温度对其降解动力学的影响,结果表明,敌草隆的光催化降解符合假一级动力学,中性条件有利于敌草隆的光催化降解,并且随着温度的升高敌草隆光催化降解速率增大;而中心复合实验则着重探讨3个单变量之间相互作用的关系,通过建立数学模型得到敌草隆光催化降解的最佳条件为:TiO2浓度2.98 g·L-1,溶液初始pH=7.78,反应温度为40℃.     

浅谈我国环境友好型住宅的设计

本文阐述了建设环境友好型住宅的理念，论述了在环境友好型住宅设计中应关注的要素，并提出了在环境友好型住宅的设计中如何实现节能、节水、节地、节材的目标。     

天然气发电工程CDM项目开发的探讨

通过对浙江省能源集团公司镇海发电厂在天然气发电工程CDM项目开发方面的具体实践,论述了对于天然气发电的基础线和监测方法学的研究与应用,以及在开发应用过程中的主要注意事项.     

烟气脱硫吸收塔总体结构计算方法

研究了火电厂烟气脱硫吸收塔总体结构，分析了吸收塔各种荷载对结构计算的影响，运用国内有关标准规范计算吸收塔壳体厚度，为脱硫行业吸收塔的总体结构计算提供参考。     

Housing anxiety and multiple geographies in post-tsunami Sri Lanka

Tsunami intervention has been an extraordinary and unprecedented relief and recovery operation. This article underlines the complexities posed by shelter and housing intervention in post-tsunami Sri Lanka, revealing a pragmatic, reductionist approach to shelter and housing reconstruction in a contested and fragmented environment. Competition, housing anxiety and buffer zone implementation have resulted in compulsory villagisation inland, stirring feelings of discrimination and tension, and becoming major obstacles to equitable rebuilding of houses and livelihoods. A new tsunami geography has been imposed on an already vulnerable conflict-based geography, in which shelter has been conceived as a mono-dimensional artefact. An analysis of the process and outcomes of temporary and permanent post-tsunami housing programmes yields information about the extent to which shelter policies and programmes serve not only physical needs but 'higher order' objectives for a comprehensive and sustainable recovery plan.     

灭火器配置点及数量的设计

具有火灾的危险场所,配备一定数量的灭火器具,是以备万一发生火灾时,能够在第一时间内将火灾扑灭,将火灾损失降到最低的投资最少、但却是最有效的措施.介绍了易发火灾危险场所灭火器配置点和数量的设计原则、过程和方法,并举例进行了设计.     

Sampling Scale Effects in Random Fields and Implications for Environmental Monitoring

The concept of a sampling scale triplet of spacing, extent and support is used to define the spatial dimensions of a monitoring network or a field study. The spacing is the average distance between samples, the extent is the size of the domain sampled and the support is the averaging area of one sample. The aim of this paper is to examine what is the bias and the random error (uncertainty) introduced by the sampling scale triplet into estimates of the mean, the spatial variance and the integral scale of a variable in a landscape. The integral scale is a measure of the average distance over which a variable is correlated in space. A large number of two dimensional random fields are generated from which hypothetical samples, conforming to a certain sampling scale triplet, are drawn which in turn are used to estimate the sample mean, spatial variance and integral scale. The results indicate that the biases can be up to two orders of magnitude. The bias of the integral scale is positively related to the magnitude of any of the components of the scale triplet while the bias of the spatial variance is different for different components of the scale triplet. All sampling scale effects are relative to the underlying correlation length of the variable of interest which is closely related to the integral scale. The integral scale can hence be used for sampling design and data interpretation. Suggestions are given on how to adjust a monitoring network to the scales of the variables of interest and how to interpret sampling scale effects in environmental data.     

厨房油烟气对人体健康的影响及防护设计

论述了厨房油烟气产生和原因及其在日常生活和秤产中对人体健康的影响，提出了除油烟气的方法，并且介绍了一种既除油又除噪的净化装置，这种装置在威望中应用取得了良好的效果。     

Multiscale Spatial and Small-Scale Temporal Variation in the Composition of Riverine Fish Communities

We studied the multiscale (sites, river reaches and rivers) and short-term temporal (monthly) variability in a freshwater fish assemblage. We found that small-scale spatial variation and short-term temporal variability significantly influenced fish community structure in the Macquarie and Namoi Rivers. However, larger scale spatial differences between rivers were the largest source of variation in the data. The interaction between temporal change and spatial variation in fish community structure, whilst statistically significant, was smaller than the variation between rivers. This suggests that although the fish communities within each river changed between sampling occasions, the underlying differences between rivers were maintained. In contrast, the strongest interaction between temporal and spatial effects occurred at the smallest spatial scale, at the level of individual sites. This means whilst the composition of the fish assemblage at a given site may fluctuate, the magnitude of these changes is unlikely to affect larger scale differences between reaches within rivers or between rivers. These results suggest that sampling at any time within a single season will be sufficient to show spatial differences that occur over large spatial scales, such as comparisons between rivers or between biogeographical regions.